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Usher syndrome is the most common condition that affects both hearing and vision; sometimes it also affects balance. The major symptoms of Usher syndrome are deafness or hearing loss and an eye disease called retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Deafness or hearing…

Modern cataract surgery is generally a successful procedure. Recent advancements—which involve the use of pre- and intraoperative pharmacological protocols combined with optimal instrumentation allow for well-tolerated and effective procedures in the vast majority of patients. The maintenance of mydriasis and…

Chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is best treated with photodynamic therapy, while a watch and wait approach is a reasonable option for acute disease. CSC is the fourth most common maculopathy after age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, and retinal…

Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is characterized by the presence of complex visual hallucinations in psychologically healthy but visually impaired people. It has been well described in the adult population but has been less well characterized in children. Charles Bonnet syndrome causes a…

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the leading cause of blindness in the diabetic population. Although its prevalence varies, the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) reported that 27% of type 1 diabetes (DM1) patients developed macular edema within nine years…

Most people who have open-angle glaucoma feel fine and do not notice a change in their vision at first because the initial loss of vision is of side or peripheral vision, and the visual acuity or sharpness of vision is…

Dry eye disease includes a group of conditions in which the eye does not produce an adequate volume of tears or when the tears are not of the correct consistency. The chance of experiencing dry eye increases with age, affecting approximately…

Dry eye is related to the inflammation of ocular surface, and immune-mediated inflammation plays an important pathogenic role. Corticosteroid is an effective anti-inflammatory drug, which can rapidly and effectively relieve the symptoms and signs of moderate or severe dry eye.…

Eye pressure varies separately from blood pressure. IOP management is not the same as blood pressure control. However, research has shown that those with high blood pressure are more likely to develop glaucoma. Glaucoma is not aided by extremely high…

Preloaded injectors provide a number of benefits, including making the procedure safer by reducing the possibility of endophthalmitis from contamination and avoiding potential mistakes such as loading the lens incorrectly. It is certainly more efficient for the nursing or technical…